Lined drum



Dec'. 22, 1936. y T. scuDDl-:R 2,065,293

LINED DRUM4 Filed Sept. 18, 1935 Z Z3 ZZ Z013 Patented Dec. 22, 1936 UNITED STATES .PATENT o-FFlcr;

LINED DRUM Tracy Scudder, Ridgewood, N. J.

Application September 18, 1935, Serial No. 41,028 3 claims. (ci. zzo-s3) My invention relates to barrels, casks, drums, etc. that are lined with rubber or other flexible material to prevent chemical action between the drum and its contents, or for other purposes.

5 All such barrels, casks, drums, etc. are referred to herein by the word drums Such drums are made of metal usually, and for simplicity of description I shall refer to them as metal drums. It will be apparent that other, materials can be used.

My invention provides an arrangement whereby a liner, say in the form of a loose bag, can be applied to and removed from the body of a drum or a drum cover both easily and quickly,

so that repairs and' replacements are eifected readily. Also it provides an arrangement whereby the cover can be fastened to a drum body by a direct metal-to-metal engagement with the cover-clamping device, i. e., without engagement of the clamp with any part of the liner.

According to my invention, the open end of, say, a bag-like liner is turned outwardly and `over the open end of the drum body, and is 1tucked into a recess provided for it on the outer surface of the drum and which, preferably, opens outwardly in a substantialIy radial direction with respect to the axis of the body of the drum. Preferably, too, this recess extends completely and uninterruptedly around the drum body cir cumferentially; it may, however, be broken into spaced parts. The resistance of the liner to withdrawal from the recess tends to hold the liner in its place. Preferably, however, at least the open end of the liner is made of or provided with elastic material and in its unstretched condition has a diameter somewhat less than the diameter of at least that lip of the recess over which the liner end is turned into the recess, so that the elasticity tends to draw the liner end into and resist its accidental withdrawal from the recess. The greater the tension imposed by this elasticity, the less is the need for a denite lip. Preferably, however, I employ a denite outstanding lip over which the liner is turned and beyond which the liner end is contracted, in order thatthe resistance of the contracted portion to expanding (as it must to pass the lip) may hold., or `assist in holding, the liner end in place; the diameter of the unstretched liner end may be so much smaller than either diameter of the lip that when contracted in its place beyond the lip, it is still under tension; this gives the contracted portion greater resistance to expanding and withdrawal over the 11p. Also, so

far as holding the liner in place is concerned,

the second lip, which complements this lip over which the liner end is turned to form the recess in which the liner end is'described above as seated, may be omitted in part in some instances; that is to say, for example, when the elastic 5 tension is sumcient for the purpose of holding the liner in place.. In some instances therefore, there may be no definite recess or depression completely encircling the outer surface of the drum. Usually, however, I employ such a second 10 completely encircling circumferential lip for cover-attaching purposes and also to assist in holding the liner in place by co-operating with the rst mentioned lip to form a relatively rnarrow, more or less circumferentially-continuous 15 recess into which the liner end is tucked as mentioned above. Also as appears from the above, in some instances only this so-called second 11p may be employed; that is to say, such a. lip may be employed for cover-holding purposes 20 while the liner is held in place by its elasticity without assistance of a recess or an outstanding lip within the turnedover end of the liner. As before indicated, either or both lips may be more or less incomplete. in that each may comprise 25 s a series of more or less short lips spaced around the drum circumferentially.

The open end of the liner may be thickened, or it may be provided with a bead or the like, to give it added strength, or to co-operate with 30 one or both lips to increase the drag necessary to withdraw the liner from the recess; one or both the lips may be undercut to interlock with such a bead or thickening, or otherwise co-operate with the liner to increase the drag. 3

To fasten a cover to a drum so lined, the second or complementary lip or series of lips provides for complete metal-to-metal contact with the clamping device. That is, a clamp or clamps can be engaged with the outer surface of the 40 cover, and also with the surface of the second lip or series of lips that is outside the recess.

Generally speaking, the same principles can be employed to attach a liner to a drum element of any kind. Thus, for example, a liner can 45 be attached to a cover in substantially the same way as described above with respect to a drum body; l. e., by turning the peripheral portion of the liner over an outwardly facing surface, and/or, preferably, seating it in a recess. The 50 cover can be dished somewhat to provide an outwardly facing surface for attachment of the liner; I prefer this dished form, but it will be apparent that the invention, as applied to covers, is not Hunted to such forms. 55

preferred forms of my invention.

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a drum with its cover in place, embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view oi.' the cover clamp of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional detail of the cover. Fig. 4 is also-a sectional detail to illustrate the use of a conventional form of cover and also another form of clamp. Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional details illustrating other forms of liners.

In Fig. 1, the drum body I and its cover 2 will be recognized. The liner 3 of the drum body is in the form of a flexible elastic rubber bag, open at its upper end and hung within the drum from this open end. 'Ihe .part of the liner within the drum body may be molded to substantially conform to the interior of the drum; the drawing shows the liner spaced somewhat from the drum wall since it assumes more or less this position when empty and suspended. For hanging the liner from its upper end, the drum body I is provided with an outwardly extending lip 4, and beyond this is provided with a second outstanding lip 5; each lip is circumferentially complete preferably, i. e. extends completely around the drum body, and the two cooperate to provide the recess 6 at the external surface of the drum, opening outwardly substantially radially preferably, to receive the end portion of the liner 3. Usually I round the upper surface of the flange 4 as illustrated in the drawing. in order to avoid abrupt corners in engagement with the liner. Usually, too, I undercut, as it were, the two lips interiorly of the recess 6, as indicated at 8 and 9 respectively; this undercutting can be provided by making the lips arcuate in cross section as illustrated with respect to lip 4, or otherwise; for

example, as shown with respect to lip 5 in Fig. 5. The open or upper end of the liner 8 is turned outwardly over the lip 4 as indicated at I8 and its extreme end I I is extended into the recess 6. A at ring I2, also of an elastic material, usually rubber, may be cemented, vulcanized or otherwise attached to the extreme end II of the bag-liner to increase the resistance of the liner end to withdrawal from the recess. Usually I mold the end of the bag 3 so that its turned-over end has substantially, with respect to the drum body, the diameter illustrated in Fig. 1 and the form illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4. In order to seat the bag end in the recess l, of course the end II with its reinforcing ring I2 must be stretched somewhat, and the subsequent contraction, due to its own elasticity, as the end II and reinforcing ring are placed in the recess, tends to draw the end of the liner well into the recess. It will be observed of course that the co-action of the lips 4 and 5 in cooperation with the liner end II, the tendency of the enlargement or ring I2 to hook in the undercutting of the upper lip 4, and the resistance of the end II of the bag and the reinforcing ring I2 to such stretching as is necessary to withdraw the end II from the recess 3, all tend to hold the end II within the recess 3 and accordingly the liner 3 in place.

The liner I8 of the cover 2 is held to the metal of the cover in substantially the same way. For this purpose the cover 2 illustrated is deeply indented or dished as indicated at I9, and a' circumferential recess is provided at 28 at the base of the dishing. The liner I8, say of ilexible elastic rubber, is in the form of an openended bag provided with a circumferential rib 2,065,293 The accompanying drawing illustrates certain or enlargement riorly the liner may be molded to substantially the same size and shape as the outside of the .dished portion I9 and recess 2li, or it may bel made a little smaller than this; in either case itwill be observed that at least the circumferential enlargement or bead 2| of the liner must be stretched to seat in the recess 20, and when seated tends to hold the liner in place. Beyond the recess 20 the liner i8 is extended to provide a gasket 22, as it were, to co-operate with the liner 3 when the cover is seated; if desired this part of the liner can be provided wtih some additional thickness or a bead 23 to provide a still thicker gasket eifect. Other forms of cover can be used of course, either other forms of my invention or some conventional form. Thus (see Fig. 4) the cover may be of the conventional form in which the liner 24 is vulcanized to the metal 25 of the cover.

In Fig. 1 the cover is shown in place on the drum body. A clamp 28, engaging the upper surface of the cover and the lower surface of the lower outstanding lip 5 makes metal-to-metal engagement with both the drum body and the cover, as will be apparent, i. e., the construction described is such that no part of either liner is grabbed by the clamps or whatever may be the nature of the cover-attaching devices. The clamp of Fig. 1 is shown in Fig. 2. Briefly, it consists of a U-sectioned annulus to engage the cover and lower lip 5 as shown at Fig. 1 split at 29 to permit it being expanded for placement on the cover and drum, and provided at its two `ends with a link 30 and lever 3| forming a sort of toggle and self-locking arrangement to contract the annulus around the drum head; a stop or clip 32 is usually employed to mark the clamped position of the lever 3l or to latch the lever 3I from unclamping movement. Evidently however other forms of mechanisms can be used to hold the cover to the drum body and it is not necessary that the holding mechanism be detachable from both the body and cover. By way of example, Fig. 4 shows another form of clamp that may be satisfactory in some instances. A number of these Fig. 4 clamps may be used, distributed around the drum circumference. Each consists of a body part 33 reaching around from say the lower lip 5 of the drum body to above the cover 25 and provided with a threaded bolt 34 for tightening against the upper surface of the cover.

Instead of strengthening the extreme end of the liner by an applied part or ring as described above with respect to the ring I2, additional strength and resistance to withdrawal from the recess 6 can be provided (if needed) by making the extreme end 31 of the bag-like elastic rubber liner 38 of somewhat greater thickness than the wall of the liner inside the drum body as illustrated in Fig. 5 for example. Frequently it is desirable to have considerable softness or lgasket-like effect at the point of engagement of the liner with the cover. Accordingly, with this form of liner, I usually carrythe maximum thickness ol' the liner from the extreme end 31 around to about the point 39, and thence taper this thickness down to the normal wall thickness, say at about point 40; it will be recognized of course that the point 39 is just about at or a little inside the periphery that engages with the cover. It can be assumed that the open end of this liner 38 also is molded to substantially the diameter and shape it has on the drum,

2| to enter the recess. Infei. e., of the diameter and form illustrated in Fig. 5. In this form of my invention the liner end is held in the recess by both the drag of the lip edges on the liner and the resistance of the end 31 to circumferential expansion.

Fig. 6 illustrates still further variations. The open end of the liner 43 of this figure is provided with a definite integral bead 44, just about as large as will pass between the edges of the lips 4 and 5 and into the recess 6 between the lips. At least the upper portion of the liner 43 is elastic as before. 'Ihe lips being undercut as before described, it is evident that the bead tends to hold the liner end against accidental withdrawal from the recess in much the same way as described with respect to the attached ring l2 of the liner 3. Fig. 6 also illustrates the fact that it is not necessary that the liner end be built or molded to the shape and size it has when on the drum body. Thus, for example, Fig. 6 shows the liner molded to such diameter and shape as to reach lmore or less straight out from the open end of the drum body so that the diameter 45 of its open end is considerably less than the external diameter 46 of the circumferential lip 4 over which the liner is turned, as well as less than the diameter 41 of the base of the recess 6. As a result of these differences between diameters, the end of the liner and its bead 44 must be stretched considerably in being passed over the circumferential lip 4 and entered into the recess 6, so that its elasticity tends to contract the end of the liner within the recess even more forcibly than when the liner is molded to the recess and the end of the liner and its bead 44 are in a stretched condition while within the recess, thus still'further augumenting the resistance to withdrawal of the liner end from the recess.

As pointed out before, a liner 3, when empty, tends to separate from the wall of a drum body I. As the drum is being filled, the liner wall moves outwardly into contact with the drum wall beginning at the bottom, and this in turn forces the air trapped between the liner and the drum upwardly. This trapped air can be allowed to escape by occasionally pulling the end of the liner from or loosening it in the recess 6 at one or a few places around the circumference while the drum ls being filled. Preferably however I provide for the escape of the trapped air through the drum wall at whatever point on the drum body it tends to collect, usually at about the point or periphery 5l where the liner remains normally in contact with the wall of the drum body. 'I'his may be done by piercing the drum body wall with.y a hole or port 52 or a few such holes or ports distributed around the circumference at about this locality. A groove 53 in the inner surface of the drum and, say, entirely encircling the drum at the inner end or ends of the hole or holes 52 will permit the complete escape of the trapped air more quickly in some instances. Similar air-escape means may be provided for a drum cover or bottom. Usually however I omit air-escape means from covers, but take care to expel the air from between the cover metal and cover liner so far as convenient at the time the liner is applied to the cover metal; the pressure of the atmosphere then tends to keep the cover liner pressed against the surfaces of the metal and prevent undue sagging. By making the cover liner a little smaller than its seat on the cover metal as before suggested, of course the elasticity of the liner also tends to prevent undue sagging.

It will be apparent that in all cases elasticity of the open end of the liner may either be inherent in the material of the liner itself, as is the case Where the whole of the liner or its end portion is made of elastic rubber, or if the open end of the liner is not suiciently elastic in itself, it may be made elastic or its elasticity or contractability reinforced by the addition of elastic material specially for this purpose as illustrated, by way of a single example, by the ring I2 of Figs. 1 and 4. In general, my invention is not limited to the details of construction and operation illustrated in the drawing and described above, except as appears hereafter in the claims.

What is claimed is:

1. The combination of a drum element provided with a recess at its external surface and encircling the element adjacent its periphery, and a liner for the element having an end portion turned over an outwardly facing surface of the element and an elastic peripheral portion seated in said recess to hold the liner in place.

2. The combination of an open-ended drum body provided with a lip projecting from its outer surface adjacent its open end and a second lip also projecting from the outer surface of the drum body and spaced from the first to provide a circumferentially-extending recess, a rubber-like bag-like liner for said drum body having its open end turned over the first mentioned lip and entered into said recess to hold said liner in place, a cover for the open end of said drum body, and means to fasten the cover to the drum body, said means engaging said second mentioned lip. v

3. The subject matter of claim 2, characterized by the fact that the diameter of the open end of the liner, when unstretched, is less than the external diameter of the first mentioned lip.

TRACY SCUDDER. 

